Political Equality Essays - Egalitarianism, Social Inequality

Political Equality The beginnings of political equality were dim. America was just beginning to set up a political system when ideas of equality began to arise. Questions concerning citizenship, rights, and civil liberties made plans for the American political system seem overwhelmingly complicated. The idea of political equality itself was a theory of very limited scope -- a foundation rather than a structure. Different convictions as to the obligations of government were buried in it from the beginning, and no clear original intent could be extracted. (Pole 45) But the founders of this country were sure that America would be a nation composed of values and equal rights. There was some debate over the idea of how the states were to be represented. Interestingly enough, the idea of equality, on a political scale, was only implied by the Constitution, rather than outwardly stated. The principle of equality of political individuals, which translates into that of one man, one vote -- and ultimately into one person, one vote -- in approximately equal electoral divisions, was implicit in the Constitution of the United States, rather than being expressly declared by it. (Pole 47) One vote per person: this created some controversy, but was later accepted as the most equal method of voting. During the creation of the Constitution, there were many disputes and disagreements regarding various methods for creating equality among American citizens, but overall, the Federal Constitution did more than any other instrument to define political equality as a fundamental principle of American government. (Pole 50) The structure of the Constitution was perhaps as meaningful to the ideal of equality than the words themselves. The political thought surrounding the Constitution converged on this principle; nothing in the text led in any other direction. In this sense the Constitution may be said to have contained provisions pertained more explicitly to the expression of these implicit values. (Pole 63) The use of language, clauses, and any other implications the document might entail, make the Constitution itself a symbol of equality. The words decree it, but the document stands for it. The question about different types of equality came about in South Carolina when a committee joined to discuss this matter. They thought that equal rights would rightly produce unequal results, which could be represented by a comparison of the lower and upper classes. Equality, its members declared, was the natural condition of man, the basis of his moral excellence and political happiness, not the amount of money one had. (Pole 154) This group reasoned that the upper-class would be given more rights and advantages because of their social status... that political equality did not coincide with equality of opportunity. They thought that because the upper-class had more money, therefore they had more political weight. And, likewise, the lower-class would not have as much pull on the American political system. It was an argument that would have profound resonance in the very different context of American Reconstruction, when equality of political rights for the freedmen (together with e quality before the law) became, for a time, the key to all others. (Pole 155) Another event that helped shape equality in America's political system began with a land crash in 1819. This event devastated many people's hopes for ever owning any significant amount of property in life. American economics were in an uproar, yet people did not question the foundations of the country... on which they could very well have blamed the entire incident. Americans just hoped for the best as the economy gradually recovered. The effects of this event were outstanding. Workers organized into political sects and rallied not to let this unfortunate occurrence happen in the future. They made laws protecting themselves and their families and used the American political system to maintain what little they had left in the aftermath of this disaster. Political equality has been part of America ever since the founders of this country created the Constitution. It has come a long way since the 18th century, and probably still has a long way to go. America has achieved political equality, however, there are some aspects of that idea that can be improved upon, and yet others that will remain a constant reminder of